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Confederate Heartland Offensive
The Confederate Heartland Offensive or Kentucky Campaign was a series of maneuvers and battles in East Tennessee and Kentucky in 1862 during the American Civil War. From June to October, Confederate forces under Generals Braxton Bragg and Edmund Kirby Smith launched a series of movements to outflank the Union Army of the Ohio under Major General Don Carlos Buell and draw the border state of Kentucky into the Confederate States of America. Though the Confederates gained some early successes, their progress ended after the Battle of Perryville—despite general Confederate tactical success there—leaving Kentucky in Union hands for the rest of the war.
==Background==
Western campaigns by Union forces earlier in 1862 had reaped much progress. The Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers had been opened to the U.S. Navy after successes at the battles of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson. The railroad hub at Corinth had been evacuated by the Confederates, causing most of West Tennessee to fall into Union control. New Orleans, the Confederacy's largest city at that time, had been captured by Admiral David Farragut. The city of Vicksburg, Mississippi, was now an important strategic aim for the Union commanders, as the western Confederates were "narrowed down all to the single line of ()road running east from Vicksburg."〔Foote, ''Second Manassas'', p. 25.〕 Consequentially, protecting the Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River became a top priority for the Confederacy. Confederate General Braxton Bragg decided to avert Union attention away from Vicksburg and from Chattanooga, Tennessee, which was being threatened by a large Union force under Don Carlos Buell, by invading the border state of Kentucky.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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